H. Beentje (2006) Flaveria. Flora of Somalia 3: 550
Plants annual herbs, 15-80(200) cm tall; stems glabrous, often purplish. Leaves petiolate; petiole to 2 cm long, connate at base; blade ovate to lanceolate, 2-10 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide, glabrous, base attenuate, margins entire to spinulose-serrate, tip acute. Capitula aggregated into glomerules; glomerules forming sessile axillary synflorescences 1-2 cm across subtended by small leaves; capitula with 1-2 florets, the outer capitula often radiate, the inner discoid; involucre of 2 phyllaries 2-4 mm long, at maturity enfolding the achenes; ray florets creamy-yellow, ± 1.5 mm long, ray about 0.5-1 mm long, suborbicular, without a pappus; disk florets 2-2.5 mm long, without a pappus. Achenes 2-2.6 mm long, black, ellipsoid.
Flaveria trinervia is native to tropical America, but is now a pantropical weed. In Somaliland and Somalia, it grows in dry stream beds, on fallow land, and in fields at 300-1350 m in regions N1-N3 and C1 of the Flora of Somalia. It has been known from Erigavo since the 1970s and became a common weed in nearby towns and agricultural fields. (Information from Hassan Dalac). It has also established itself on the grounds of the University of Hargeisa, suggesting that it probably grows in disturbed areas in much of Somaliland.
Sabada: Dhul cagta lagu badiyey oo wasakhaysan, joog ah 300 – 1350 m.
Filiqsanaantiisa: Harame ka baxa kulaale-xigeennada.
H. Pickering & A.I. Awale (2018) Introduction to the plants of Central Somaliland
Branching annual her with reddish stems, up to 60 cm. Leaves opposite, land-shaped, with marked veins and serrated margins. Flowers yellow in dense clusters, both terminal and in the leaf axils.
Habitat: Disturbed and wast ground; elevation 300-1350 m.
Environmental: Can be used to vegetate and improve soils contaminated with high levels of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn (Franco-Hernández et al. 2010).
Growth inhibition: At concentrations of 10%, stimulated seed germination in Allium cepa concentrations of 30% inhibits development (Bahoirth & Bahurmuz. 2018). Similar results were found for a wheat cultivar.
Plants of the World Online (POWO): Flaveria trinervia. The distribution map shows the countries where the taxon is considered native or introduced but is now growing in the wild.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF): Flaveria trinervia. Records may be of cultivated specimens